Answer:
First, all three movements gained popularity with the middle classes. Second, All three movements were a product of the urban, rural divide in America. Third, all three movements had racial elements. The Temperance Movement grew out of the Second Great Awakening religious revival, as did Abolition. Temperance in the early 1800s transitioned from reduction of use of hard spirits to total abstinence. This reform movement was resisted by recent urban immigrant groups from Ireland and Germany because it ran counter to their cultural experience much as prohibition in the 20th century ran counter to the cultural experience of Southern and Eastern European immigrants. It was thought that drink was the cause of all evils in urban life. As in the other movements there was a racist component not far underneath the avowed purpose. The Health Reform Movement also focused on middle class fears of diseases like cholera and yellow fever emanating from garbage and filth in slums inhabited by recent immigrants. The movement had some basis in science as it advocated cleaning slum areas and providing clean water to slums as a city government service. Again the racist assumption was that immigrants woul not clean their own residential areas without public action. At the time the middle class paid private companies to carry away trash and cart in clean water for their use. The fear of cholera prompted health reform. Phrenology was a pseudo science claiming that. The shape of the head determined characteristics of the individual. It was later used by racists to support bogus theories of racial inferiority. So these movements aided Antebellum Americans in defining cultural norms and maintaining the status quo regarding racial hierarchies.
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<u>Answer</u>:
Virginia company followed a number of ways to bring success to England. Virginia Company, also known as, Virginia Company of London is a commercial trading company. The owner of this company was King James I of England in April 1606.
The Virginia Company played an important role in bringing success to England. Firstly, it began to bring women and skilled workers. Also, it granted lands to new settlers. Both of these steps encouraged the complete family groups to migrate at one place. Since the ladies were also involved, people moved in large numbers as they could earn well.
The Company was formed to bring profit to its shareholders and it also aimed to establish an English colony in the New World.
An Appellate Court is not (usually) the Court of original jurisdiction. So, in many cases you would start at a Federal Trial Court (District Court) and would have a normal trial. If you lost, you could appeal to the Appellate Court, who would review the record (only) from the Trial Court for clear error, bias, etc. A new trial does not occur at the Appellate Level, unless it is a court of original jurisdiction.
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Eugene "Bull" Connor was Birmingham’s Commissioner of Public Safety in 1961 when the Freedom Riders came to town. He was known as an ultra-segregationist with close ties to the KKK. Connor encouraged the violence that met the CORE Freedom Riders at the Birmingham Trailways Bus station by promising local Klansmen that, "He would see to it that 15 or 20 minutes would elapse before the police arrived."
Connor was active in Alabama politics for many decades. In 1962 he sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination, beginning his campaign in January by promising to buy "one hundred new police dogs for use in the event of more Freedom Rides." Connor was eliminated in the May 8 primary and ultimately endorsed the eventual winner, George Wallace.
Connor stayed in the national news in the spring of 1963 when the Southern Christian Leadership Coalition (SCLC) brought Project C (for Confrontation) to Birmingham. The police tried to control thousands of nonviolent protesters, including children, with high-pressure fire hoses and police dogs. Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail" was written during this time.
