Question #1 Answer: To examine a question that has more than one side.
You cannot ask your audience to take action because you haven't taken a firm stance on a subject. You can't take a firm stance on the subject without having evidence to defend your position. And you can't defend your position without first stating both sides of an argument. Thus, the answer is Choice B.

Question #2 Answer: An argumentative essay does not use emotions.
An argumentative essay relies on Logos and Pathos; persuasion and logic, not ethos which is emotions. You would use Ethos and Pathos in a persuasive argument rather than an argumentative essay.

Question #3 Answer: A statement that takes a clear stand on an issue.
A claim states your stance on a subject with conciseness.

Question #4 Answer: An argument uses logic to show your stand on an issue is the best choice.
As I explained before, argumentative essay chiefly relies on Logos (logic). 

Question #5 Answer: Television watching should be limited because it has negative influences on teens.
The first choice uses the phrase, "I think." That is a big No-no. Also, it uses hasty generalization and states that everyone thinks that television is bad for teens. Choice 2 is incorrect. It does not state the authors stance on the subject, it only states something someone else should accomplish. Choice 4 does not state a direct claim. It seems more like clickbait. It states that there are reasons why teen television viewing should be limited, however, it does not state the claim incisively.