Loneliness and social isolation have been linked with premature mortality and with functional decline in older people.
We found that high levels of loneliness, but not of social isolation, increased the risk of becoming physically frail.
Neither loneliness nor social isolation were associated with the rate of change in a more broadly defined frailty index.
Loneliness
Loneliness is a subjective feeling of dissatisfaction with one’s social relationships. Both social isolation and loneliness have been linked with increased mortality [2–4], incident heart disease [5, 6] and functional decline [7, 8]. Social isolation and loneliness tend to be correlated, albeit weakly .
Social isolation :
Social relationships are important for health . Most such research has focused on social isolation or loneliness. Social isolation is defined objectively using criteria such as having few contacts, little involvement in social activities and living alone.
Frailty :
Frailty is a clinical syndrome whose main feature is heightened vulnerability to stressors due to lowered physiological reserves, decline in the ability to maintain homeostasis and impairments in multiple systems
A frailty index score reflects the proportion of potential deficits present The phenotype model defines frailty in physical terms, whereas the cumulative deficit model uses a broader definition of frailty.
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Answer:
(a) Heart - (iii) Circulatory system
The heart is the major body part that helps in pumping oxygenated blood to the various body part and take back deoxygenated blood to the heart again.
b) Small intestine - (i) Digestive system
It is part of the digestive system and helps in digestion. The small intestine is the part of the GI tract.
(c) Brain - (vi) Nervous system
Brain controls and gets stimulus with help of neurons and act according to the information in the nervous system of individuals.
(d) Kidneys - (v) Excretory system
Kidneys are the major part of the excretory system as they filter the blood and remove the waste from the blood.
(e) Nose (ii) Respiratory system
The respiratory system includes the nose as the inhalation and exhalation both are accompanied by the nose and it filters the air and sends air to and from the lungs
(f) Bones (iv) Skeletal system
The skeletal system is made up of the bones that provide support to the body of an individual organism and helps in the movement.
A primary source. A primary sources are first hand accounts like diaries, autobiographies, etc.
Answer:
National economic goals include: efficiency, equity, economic freedom, full employment, economic growth, security, and stability
