Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts, which are specialized structures found in plant cells. Through this series of reactions, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen.
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Answer:
Explanation:
The cell membrane separates the cell from the outer environment. The extracellular fluid contains the sodium ions (Na+), chloride ions (Cl-), while intracellular fluid contains potassium (K +) and negative anions.
The potential difference arises when the membrane is selectively permeable to some ions. The resting potential is -70mV.
When the neurons get excited, the sodium ions start to enter by sodium channels.
Now there are more positive ions inside the cell membrane. It disturbs the resting potential i.e. -70mV. This stage is known as depolarization.
When the inside environment of the cell is more positively charged, the potassium ions start to move out of the cell. It goes out by the voltage-gated channels. Thus resting stage is maintained and it is known as repolarization.
But the initial stability of the cell membrane has to be maintained. To restore the resting stage, the sodium ions start to move out of the membrane and potassium ions enter into the cells again. This is an active transport and has done by the Na+ - K+ pump. Here 3 sodium ions move out and 2 potassium ions pumped into the cell through the plasma membrane.
Thus the resting potential regains. The potassium ions come back into the cells against the concentration gradient and ATP provides the energy for this phenomena.
Answer:
(C) farming fertilizers washing into lakes
Because there is no indication of what's the highlighted structure I'm going to tell you where all the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris originate from.
The vastus lateralis originates on the greater trochanter and the lateral lip of linea aspera. The vastus intermedius originates on the lateral and anterior surfaces of the femur's body. The vastus medialis originates on the medial lip of the linea aspera and the intertrochanteric line. R<span>ectus femoris originates, </span>superior to the acetabulum, on <span>the ilium.</span>
