Similar:
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For transverse waves, the waves move in perpendicular direction to the source of vibration.
For longitudinal waves, the waves move in parallel direction to the source of vibration .
They are similar in the sense that energy is transferred in the form of waves.
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Difference:
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Transverse Waves: Displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
Longitudinal Waves: Displacement of the medium is parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave.
Answer:
7.92 m/s
Explanation:
= Mass of raindrop = 
= Mass of mosquito
= Initial Velocity of raindrop = 8.1 m/s
= Initial Velocity of mosquito = 0 m/s
= Velocity of center of mass
For elastic collision

Hence, the velocity of the attached mosquito, falling immediately afterward is 7.92 m/s
Yes it will, amplitude has influence on speed.
It *can* be called "Dynamic Electricity".
Hope that helps a little bit XD.