Question

The parent of an infant who developed hydrocephalus while in utero is very concerned that the child will have significant intellectual dysfunction. The best response to the parent would be:

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation:

  Hydrocephalus is characterized by fluid accumulation in the head. The excess retention causes the cerebral ventricles to dilate, causing damage to the brain structures.  Hydrocephalus can be congenital or acquired.

   The congenital form is present at birth but can be identified while in utero or manifest only during the first months of life. Although it is not always possible to determine the exact cause of the disorder, it is certain that genetic and hereditary factors are involved, as well as the occurrence of infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella, syphilis, meningitis, etc.), and drug use ( cocaine, for example) during pregnancy.

   In addition to physical signs, the physician considers the patient's clinical history and the neurological evaluation. It is crucial to note that the sooner the diagnosis is made, the lower the risk of brain damage.