<span>DNA methylation is a process that can change the activity of a gene without rearranging the DNA sequence. The mechanism most often is used to inactivate genes.</span>
Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the four major types of biomolecules that form all living things. These biomolecules consists of monomers linked together by covalent bonds to form polymers.
- Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids can be classified according to their basic elements, monomer constituents, and functions.
Basic elements:
- Nucleic acids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Phosphorous (P)
- Proteins: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Sulfur (Z)
- Carbohydrates: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O)
- Lipids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Phosphorous (P)
Monomer constituents:
- Nucleic acids: nucleotides
- Proteins: amino acids
- Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
- Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol
Functions:
- Nucleic acids: contains the hereditary information to synthesize proteins
- Proteins: regulate metabolic processes (enzymes), the main biomolecule of cellular structures
- Carbohydrates: store energy (short term); form cellular structures
- Lipids: store energy (long term); the main component of biological membranes
Examples:
- Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
- Proteins: lactase; collagen
- Carbohydrates: starch (polysaccharide); glucose (monosacharide)
- Lipids: phospholipids; cholesterol
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For each molecule of glucose consumed, the Krebs cycle occurs: D. twice
1 glucose --> 2 pyruvate, each one entering the Krebs as acetyl-CoA
The S wave penetrate the interior of he earth
shake the ground perpendicular to the direction in which they are propageting.
It does not travel through liquids.
1.7 times slower than P waves
Autotrophic.
Dark reaction happens in the photosynthetic process of plants or autotrophs.
(a) A giant redwood tree = Autotroph
(b) A spider = Heterotroph
(c) A rose bush = Autotroph
(d) A mushroom = Heterotroph
(e) A blue whale = Heterotroph
<span>Autrophs are the organisms that have the capacity to form their own food from inorganic substances like the carbon dioxide. </span>
<span>Heterotrophs are the organisms that cannot produce their own food but depends on other animals or plants for their nutritional needs.</span>
