We are well aware that there are two stages of photosynthesis:
- Light dependent reactions
- Light independent reactions/ Calvin cycle/ dark reactions.
Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions:
This comprise the process during which carbon dioxide enters into the leaves of plants and passes through series of steps to form sugar or food. This process depends on the supply of ATP, (the ATP that is formed previously during light dependent reactions).
Now there are three stages of Calvin cycle:
- 1) carbon fixation
- 2) reduction
- 3) regeneration
During the process of carbon fixation CO2 combines with a 5-carbon compound called RuBP or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate which results in the synthesis of a 6-carbon compound that splits up in to 2 three carbon compounds called phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA).
Here out focus will be the process of Reduction.
Reduction is the second stage of Calvin cycle during which phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) is converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) that is a sugar. During the process of reduction, energy in the form of ATP and NADPH are used for the conversion of 3-PGA to G3P. As 3-PGA is reduced to G3P, therefore this process is known as reduction.
After reduction, a series of reactions occur that lead to the synthesis of glucose but since focus of our question was reduction, so you can see more details of the process in attached figure.
Hope it helps!
I believe the answer is c
Based on the given conversation above between Ben and his parents, the testable question for the hurricane research of Ben is option C: "Is the number of hurricanes increasing each year?" This is the testable question since they are arguing about the number of hurricanes in the past summers. Hope this helps.
<span>Light rays passing through glass is a process called radiation. This is a term used in physics meaning the transmission or emission of energy via particles or waves through a medium or through space. In this scenario the light rays are the energy traveling through the glass, a medium.</span>
Answer: B. Shear stress
Explanation: Shear stress is created when two objects are pushing against each other sideways. The image below shows examples of the other options and why they are incorrect.