The answer is concentration gradient. Have a good day.
<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
White Blood cells or WBC's are the cells of your immune system. They are your first defense in fighting off foreign invaders and infectious diseases.
-Medical Student (College Level)
Those mutated genes are most commonly recessive. Females have two X chromosomes so they can have a chromosome with the mutated gene and one with the healthy gene. The healthy gene is dominant so the disease won't manifest, and the woman is only a carrier. Males have only one X chromosome and an Y chromosome. If they have the mutated gene on the X chromosome they won't have another X chromosome with the healthy gene.
To summarize, men can't be carriers and they only need one copy of the mutated X-linked gene while women need two copies of the mutated gene.
Answer:
Plasma membrane is the semi-permeable membrane that allow the movement of some selected particles only against the concentration gradient or along the concentration gradient.
Different substances can be move through the diffusion, active process and passive process. The hydrogen in the vesicle has been moved through the facilitated diffusion. In this process, the hydrogen ions will move along the concentration gradient without the requirement of energy but requires the channel protein for its transport.
