Answer:
The history of socialism has its origins in the 1789 French Revolution and the changes which it brought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed scientific socialism. In the last third of the 19th century, social democratic parties arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism. The Australian Labor Party was the world's first elected socialist party when it formed government in the Colony of Queensland for a week in 1899.[1]
In the first half of the 20th century, the Soviet Union and the communist parties of the Third International around the world mainly came to represent socialism in terms of the Soviet model of economic development and the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the means of production, although other trends condemned what they saw as the lack of democracy. In the United Kingdom, Herbert Morrison said that "socialism is what the Labour government does" whereas Aneurin Bevan argued that socialism requires that the "main streams of economic activity are brought under public direction", with an economic plan and workers' democracy.[2] Some argued that capitalism had been abolished.[3] Socialist governments established the mixed economy with partial nationalisations and social welfare.
By 1968, the prolonged Vietnam War (1959–1975) gave rise to the New Left, socialists who tended to be critical of the Soviet Union and social democracy. Anarcho-syndicalists and some elements of the New Left and others favoured decentralised collective ownership in the form of cooperatives or workers' councils. Socialists have also adopted the causes of other social movements such as environmentalism, feminism and progressivism.[4] At the turn of the 21st century in Latin America, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez championed what he termed socialism of the 21st century, which included a policy of nationalisation of national assets such as oil, anti-imperialism and termed himself a Trotskyist supporting permanent revolution.[5]
John Adams was the one who passed the Alien and Sedition Acts which punishes those who opposed the federal policies. However, Thomas Jefferson felt that these acts defy both the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. So he proposed the Nullification doctrine which states that if the federal government passed an unconstitutional law, the states are not required to follow it.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
You forgot to include the text or the third paragraph. Without that information, we do not know what you are referring to.
However, doing some deep research, we can comment on the following.
One instance in which the Spanish resorted to the type of actions threatened in the third paragraph was to punish the Native peoples who refused to obey the conquerors and refused to convert to Catholicism.
The Spanish have threatened the Indians expressing threats such as <em>"...But, if you do not obey, we shall powerfully enter into your country, and shall make war against you and shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church and the king and queen of Spain."</em>
Spanish conquerors committed many atrocities when they tried to colonize many territories in the Americas. all in the name of God and the Catholic church.
This was part of a medieval document titled "The Demand." This document was issued by the council of Castile in 1510. When conquerors arrived in the Americas, they had to read the document to warn Native Indian peol¿ple, before taking their territories.
Answer:
C. A gap in the rock record
Explanation:
