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3 years ago

Give examples of bone injuries. How are the different bone-related structures affected in such injuries?

1 answer:

5 0

Causes of bone fractures can include:
Traumatic incidents such as sporting injuries, vehicle accidents and falls
Conditions such as osteoporosis and some types of cancer that cause bones to fracture more easily, meaning even minor trauma and falls can become serious.

Fractures are different from other injuries to the skeleton such as dislocations, although in some cases it can be hard to tell them apart. Sometimes, a person may have more than one type of injury. If in doubt, treat the injury as if it is a fracture.

The symptoms of a fracture depend on the particular bone and the severity of the injury, but may include:
Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Deformity
Inability to use the limb.

Different types of fracture include:
Closed (simple) fracture – the broken bone has not pierced the skin
Open (compound) fracture – the broken bone juts out through the skin, or a wound leads to the fracture site. Infection and external bleeding are more likely
Greenstick fracture – a small, slender crack in the bone. This can occur in children, because their bones are more flexible that an adult’s bones
Hairline fracture – the most common form is a stress fracture, often occurring in the foot or lower leg as a result of repeated stress from activities such as jogging or running
Complicated fracture – structures surrounding the fracture are injured. There may be damage to the veins, arteries or nerves, and there may also be injury to the lining of the bone (the periosteum)
Comminuted fracture – the bone is shattered into small pieces. This type of complicated fracture tends to heal more slowly
Avulsion fracture – muscles are anchored to bone with tendons, a type of connective tissue. Powerful muscle contractions can wrench the tendon free and pull out pieces of bone. This type of fracture is more common in the knee and shoulder joints
Compression fracture – occurs when two bones are forced against each other. The bones of the spine, called vertebrae, can have this type of fracture. Older people, particularly those with osteoporosis, are at higher risk.

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8. What can be concluded from the evidence that coughs and sneezes are natural

andreyandreev [35.5K]

Answer and explanation:

8. What can be concluded from the evidence that coughs and sneezes are natural reflexes and from the evidence that our immune system attacks allergens?

Coughing and sneezing are natural defense mechanisms that consist of the sudden expulsion of air from the respiratory tract, with the intention of expelling any substance harmful to the body.

Allergies are the product of an exaggerated response of the body to the presence of environmental substances, such as dust, fungi and pollen, called allergens. This abnormal response is caused by an immune system previously sensitized to these substances.

Under normal conditions, the immune system is designed to defend an individual against potentially harmful elements. Coughs and sneezes are natural defense mechanisms, which are exaggerated in allergy sufferers.

9. What two possible reasons for the increase in allergies are explained in the passage?

- "Some scientists think our immune systems don't have enough to do ..." "... when our immune system have fewer germs to fight, they can get confused".

According to the excerpt, an immune system that has been inactive due to less contact with germs, looks for a way to attack any substance foreign to the body, which would be a mechanism that promotes the presence of the allergic response.

The confusion of the immune system would be given in some people by reacting in an unusual way to environmental stimuli or food, which do not affect the majority of people.

- ... "weather is warmer for longer periods now, so plants bloom longer .. release pollen, which is a common allergen".

Plant pollen is considered an aeroallergen capable of producing the response with sneezing or coughing in sensitive people.

Other evidence implies an increase in the amount of aeroallergens, as a consequence of the temperature change. A warm temperature for long periods of time promotes flowering in plants more frequently, and there is more pollen dispersed in the environment.

10. What can be concluded about the increase of allergies in the future?

In the text it can be clearly seen how, according to statistical data, the presence of allergies in more people has increased over time.

Many factors may induce an increase in the number of allergic patients in the future, such as the example provided by the passage of children less exposed to germs due to the use of increasingly available medications.

In the past, there were fewer allergies because the immune system remained active to defend the body without the help of drugs.
Additionally, the increase in processed food products may be a factor that in the future increases the appearance of allergies in the population.
Again, the environmental factor plays a determining role. Over time, many climatic changes occur, which, combined with environmental pollution, may lead to increased allergies in the future.

In the images below you will find the information of the article about allergies.

7 0

3 years ago

Legumes enrich soil by adding nitrogen to it through their __

USPshnik [31]

They add nitrogen to the soul through their nodules !

3 0

3 years ago

likoan [24]

They both reproductive Pacific cells

4 0

3 years ago

In neuroscience, depolarization is an "all or nothing" response; what does that

Tom [10]

Answer:

The correct answer is - The neuron's intracellular charge must get more positive to meet a certain thresh hold in order to depolarize. If the neuron does not hit that threshold, then the neuron will not fire

Explanation:

In neuroscience, the depolarization of neurons shows the all or none law which is also called as all or nothing response. It states that all action potentials have the same size and the potential or strength of a nerve cell does not depend on the stimulus strength as all are the same size.

If a stimulus reaches a particular threshold cell or fiber will fire so either it will fire or not cross the threshold this is all or nothing response or law and depolarization is an example of it.

5 0

3 years ago

(a)

snow_lady [41]

Answer:

What is your question?

3 0

2 years ago