Which is not a characteristic of life?

Which statement BEST describes why warm ocean currents are usually surface currents?

sveta [45]

I might be wrong but I think it's, B) Ocean tides bring warm water to the surface

6 0

4 years ago

N which vertebrates did feathers first evolve?

Lapatulllka [165]

Wings have evolved several times independently. In flying fish, the wings are formed by the enlargement of the pectoral fins. Some fish leap out of the water and glide through the air, both to save energy and to escape predators. If they were already gliding, then any mutation that would result in an increase of the gliding surface would be advantageous to the fish that has it. These advantageous may allow these fish to out-compete the others.

Wings have also evolved in bats, pterosaurs, and birds. In these animals, the wings are formed by the forelimbs. In some lizards that have evolved gliding flight, however, the "wings" or gliding surfaces may be quite different. The lizard Draco, for example, has gliding surfaces formed by an extension of the ribs. A number of extinct reptiles have similar gliding surfaces. Frogs that glide have expanded webbing on their hands and feet. Gliding ("flying") squirrels and marsupial sugar gliders have flaps of skin that lie between the front and rear limbs. These gliding animals all have one thing in common: a gliding surface that is formed by enlarging some parts of the body.

In pterosaurs, the wing is formed by an elongated finger and a large skin membrane attached to this finger. In bats, the wing is formed by the entire hand, with skin membranes connecting the elongated fingers. In birds, flight feathers are attached to the entire forelimb, while the fingers have fused together. In all of these animals except birds, the wing is a solid structure. In birds, however, the wing is formed by a large number of individual feathers lying close to each other and each feather is in turn formed by filaments that interlock.

Biophysicists have determined that flight most likely evolved from the tree down. That means most active flyers evolved flight from an animal that was already gliding. Gliding was therefore probably an indispensable intermediate stage in the evolution of flight. Since gliding has evolved in so many different groups of animals, it follows that the ancestors of birds, bats, and pterosaurs were almost certainly gliders.

Unfortunately, the fossil records of the immediate gliding ancestors of birds, bats, and pterosaurs are all missing. The first known bat and bird fossils are recognizable as flyers. The same is true of pterosaurs. Therefore the origin of these flyers remain a mystery and a subject of often acrimonious debate. There are people who claim that dinosaurs evolved insulation, which then evolved into feathers, but the evidence for that is lacking. The so-called proto-feathers found on some dinosaurs are indistinguishable from the collagen fibers found in the skin of most vertebrates. Some of the supposedly feathered dinosaurs, such as Caudipteryx and Protarchaeopteryx, are actually flightless birds. The same is probably true of Microraptor fossils, which are (as Alan Feduccia says) probably "avian non-dinosaurs."

Even though the immediate ancestor of birds remains a mystery, there is a fossil known as Longisquama insignis, which lived during the late Triassic. It has featherlike structures on its back. It was probably a glider of some sort. So, this animal may well be the distant ancestor of Archaeopteryx, the oldest known bird.

In sum, flying almost certainly evolved from animals that were already gliding, or from the tree down, not from the ground up. The dinosaurian origin of birds requires that dinosaurs evolved feathers from insulation and flight to have evolved from the ground up. Both of these requirements are extremely unlikely to have occurred in evolutionary history, because dinosaurs are almost certainly ectothermic (or "cold-blooded") and therefore they never evolved insulation, and because feathers are too unnecessarily complex to have evolved as insulation. Flight from the ground up is also dangerous because large animals that attempt to fly from the ground may crash and seriously injure or even kill themselves. We all know how dangerous an airplane can be if it loses power and crashes. Small and light weight animals, OTOH, that were already gliding can survive if their attempt to fly fails. Finally, if flight evolved from gliding, then why do animals glide? The answer is that gliding is energetically much cheaper than to descend a tree, walk along the ground, and then climb up another tree. Besides, it is almost certainly much safer to glide from one tree to another than to be walking on the ground for many arboreal animals.

See link below for details of why dinosaurs are considered ectothermic according to the available scientific evidence.Source(s):http://discovermagazine.com/1996/dec/aco...

3 0

3 years ago

Match the following:Part A1. Transverse foramina present.2. No canals or foramen present. It articulates superiorly with the sac

Stels [109]

Answer:

1. Transverse foramina present: Cervical

2. No canals or foramen present. It articulates superiorly with the sacrum: Coccyx

3. Receive the most stress: Lumbar

4. Attach to ribs: Thoracic

5. Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis: Sacrum

Explanation:

The vertebral column is a series of 33 bones called vertebrae that play a key role in organ protection, movement of body, and overall support. The column has been divided into 5 different regions with the number of bones.

1. Cervical Vertebrate: These are the group of seven vertebrae of the neck, start immediately below the skull. Two cervical bones C1 and C2 are unique in function. They are responsible for the movement of the head. They have transverse foramina which gives passage to vertebral artery and vein.

2. Thoracic Vertebrae: They are a group of twelve small bones that form the vertebral spine in the upper trunk. The function of the thoracic vertebrae is to articulate with ribs to produce the bony thorax.

3. Lumbar Vertebrae: This is the largest segment of the vertebral column that consists of 5 bones between the rib cage and pelvis. They carry all of the upper body weight providing flexibility and movement to the trunk region. This is why it can receive the most stress easily.

4. Sacrum Vertebrae: There are 5 sacral vertebral fused bones. It connects to the hip bones and play role in forming a strong pelvis.

5. coccyx Vertebrae: These are a group of 4 fused bone. There is no vertebral canal due to a lack of vertebral arches. They provide an attachment site for muscles ligament and tendons. They also play a role in stabilization and support while sitting.

5 0

3 years ago

TRUE or FALSE

kaheart [24]

1)TRUE
2)TRUE
3)FALSE
4)FALSE

7 0

3 years ago

How do nucleotides and hydrogen bonds affect the structure of DNA?

melisa1 [442]

This is the structure of DNA and nucleotide is the phosphate group with sugar (the pink one ) and base that are 4 different bases : A, T, C, G and between these bases we have hydrogen bonds and you can see that always it like : C≡G
A=T :))) i hope that helps :)))https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiawYOO7-...

4 0

3 years ago