Option C:
B. wild-type 5-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3 mutant 5'-AUGCAUACAUCUGGAGUGA- 3'
Explanation:
A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation such that the triplet nature of gene expression by codons, the insertion or deletion occurs in such as way that it alters the complete sequence of 3 codon sets and can change the reading frame, resulting in a completely different translation from the original.
As it is pertinent to understanding that all genes are normally translated in sets of 3 codons, which typically describes and explain a unique amino acid sequence. Thus, if a frame shift mutation occurs, it can affect many amino acid sequences and finally the entire protein.
If we look at option B:
wild-type 5-AUG CAU ACA UUG GAG UGA-3
mutant 5’- AUG CAU ACA UCU GGA GUG A-3’
An insertion of a base Uracil showed at the end of 3rd codon which affected and altered the whole sequence of codon triplets. This changed all next codons and finally all next amino acids will be altered.
Answer:
Selective breeding is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
Explanation:
The pollen grains contain sperm which will fertilize the egg and create a seed to sprout the next generation of plants. The main male part is the stamen. It is divided into two parts: the anther and the filament. The anther produces the pollen grains that contain the sperm needed for fertilization.
There are two explanations for this phenomenon: phosphorylation of the protein X in the heart activates its function (Option C) or phosphorylation of the protein X in the kidney and the brain deactivates its function (Option D). Therefore, both Option C and Option D are correct.
- Phosphorylation is a posttranslational protein modification that is capable of activating or deactivating protein function.
- Phosphorylation alters the three-dimensional structure of a protein, thereby modifying its function (i.e., activate or deactivate the target protein).
- Phosphorylation occurs at specific amino acids (e.g., serine and threonine residues) of the target protein.
- Moreover, mRNA splicing (RNA processing) occurs before the protein state, it is a transcriptional process. This process consists in removing the non-coding regions or 'introns' from pre-mRNA and subsequent joining protein-coding regions or 'exons' to enable the translation of the mRNA into a protein.
- In consequence, in this case, it is possible that 1-phosphorylation of the protein X in the heart activates its function, or 2-phosphorylation of the protein X in the kidney and the brain deactivates its function. Therefore, both Option C and Option D are correct.
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