I think is <span>Drosophila melanogaster the correct way to write it.</span>
I believe your stance on mutation is in needs to be re-evaluated. The articles I’ve been reading say that mutations are either harmful or neutral. There are, however, such things as beneficial mutations. For example, there are people with mutations in the CCR5 gene that make them virtually immune to HIV. There are also a class of cancer drugs that are 100% effective, but only in a minority of individuals that have a certain mutation. Both of these mutations could seriously improve a person’s chance of survival. I therefore fail to see what makes you think all mutations are bad?
The correct answers are:
2) Peptide bonds form from nucleophilic attack by an electron pair on an alpha - amino nitrogen atom on an alpha - carboxyl carbon atom of another amino acid and
4) Peptides are polymers of amino acids.
A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond. It is formed between two amino acids: C1 (carbon end) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen end) of another. Peptide bonds are the basis for the formation of a peptide chain and consequently protein. Formation of peptide bond is a condensation process, meaning that when two amino acids combine and link, water molecule is released and dipeptide is a product of that reaction.