Explanation:
<u>F. Ribosome</u>
Around the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins are transported. The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a cytoplasmic membrane network. This continuous method not only raises the surface area within the cell but also conducts protein folding, synthesis, and transport.
Further Explanation:
Free ribosomes synthesize most proteins that operate in the cytosol (such as actin) or nucleus (such as DNA polymerase). Proteins that act within the endomembrane system (such as lysosomal enzymes) or those that are intended for cell secretion (such as insulin) are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum ER by bonded ribosomEs.
The rest of the ER that doesn't include ribosomes is called the smooth ER, and may contain lipids, enzymes, and other proteins. The first amino acids in the that polypeptide chain serve as a signal sequence as a protein bound for the endomembrane system is being synthesized by a ribosome. The signal sequence ensures that the ribosome binds to the ER's outer membrane and the protein gets into the ER lumen.
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Stem cells arise from the inner mass of the cell
Signalling factors trigger differentiation in stem cells
Genes that lead to the production of undifferentiated blood cells are activated
Signalling factors cause undifferentiated blood cells to produce red blood cells
Explanation:
Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. The precursor to the RBC is stem cell which is undifferentiated and pluripotent. The stem cell gets differentiated to form immature RBCs. Immature RBC then gets divided and becomes mature. Stem cell giving rise to RBC is called Haemoctytoblast. The process of erythropoiesis takes 2 days to form new red blood cells
Ch.5: Synaptic Activity
<span>Introduction<span>Otto Loewi studied the heart of the frog, which-like our own hearts- is supplied by two different peripheral nerves. One, the sympathetic nerve, excites the heart and makes it beat more rapidly; the other , the vagus, shows the heart. The problem was to discover the mechanism by which the effects of nerve impulses in either of these nerves are communicated to the heart muscle. Many believed that the electrical nerve impulse spread from the nerve to the muscle as an electrical wave; Loewi thought otherwise.Loewi tested two isolated frog hearts, one with the sympathetic and vagus nerves intact, the other with the nerves removed. A small tube containing salt water was placed in the heart with the nerves attached. When he stimulated the vagus nerve, the heartbeat slowed, as expected. Then he took salt solution that had been in the stimulated heart and placed it inside the heart without nerves. It too immediately slowed- exactly as if its own (missing) vagus nerve had been stimulated.He repeated the same procedure, stimulating the sympathetic nerve instead. The effect was again as if the nerve of the denervated heart itself were stimulated: the denervated heart began beating faster. These results could not be explained electrically; the nerves must have secreted chemicals into the salt solution that directly affect the muscles of the denervated heart.In one simple experiment, Loewi had demonstrated three important findings: (1) that communication at the gap between nerve and heart muscle was chemical, (2) that each nerve released a different transmitter substance, and (3) that it was the characteristics of the different transmitter substances that caused the increase or decrease in heart rate. This was the first direct experimental evidence of the action of chemical neurotransmitters.<span>Like the junction between nerve and heart muscle that Loewi studied, nerve cells communicate with each other at special junctions called synapses. </span></span></span><span><span> thanks and i hope this helps you.....
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