<span>1 The
theory of evolution says that species change over time. Did you ever
wonder how new species evolve? Natural selection seems to explain how
variations can lead to changes in a species. Geographic isolation
seems to be one of the main ways this happens. This geographic
separation from others of their species seems to be what made different
species evolve on the Galapagos Islands. The six-hundred-mile
separation of the islands from the mainland may have led to those
animals evolving into new species. After many changes evolve in a group
of animals, individuals of that group can no longer mate with the rest
of the species that remain unchanged. That is the definition of species:
individuals that are able to breed among themselves but are not able to
breed with other species. <span> </span>2 When
a group of individuals is separated from the rest of their species for a
long time, the individuals can evolve different traits. The longer the
group is isolated from the rest of the species, the more likely it will
evolve into a new species. One example of this has been seen in fish
species in the lakes of Switzerland, Great Britain, and Scandinavia.
Almost every lake has different forms, believed to have evolved from one
species. <span> </span>3 Groups
of living things can become separated in different ways. Rivers can
change their course. Volcanoes and mountain ranges form. New islands
are created. Ocean waves can carry small groups many miles away and put
them down in a new place. This is believed to be how many animals got
to the Galapagos Islands. </span>
These areas have anoxic condition means they have very little to zero dissolved oxygen hence cannot support marine/aquatic life. This is as a result of eutrophication caused by algae blooms. This phenomenon is brought about by pollution of these water reservoirs. These algae bloom take up all the oxygen in the water during their mass decomposgion hence leave no dissolved oxygen for the rest of the marine life.
