1. frequently pointless arguments
In the passage, it says, "You're quite incapable of talking seriously...today and every other day." This shows that their arguments are pointless because of the lack of seriousness. We also know this is a frequent occurrence because it says it happens every day.
2. setting
The rhinoceros can not be indicative of the time and place which is the definition of setting.
3. where my cousin attends
An adjectival clause describes a noun. The phrase "where my cousin attends" describes which school the narrator is talking about.
4. earrings
The adjectival clause "that have gold posts" describes which earrings Jill is wearing.
5. subject
The relative pronoun is "who" and it is the subject of "loved teaching".
