What unit do they usually use to measure stars distance

Write a paragraph on testing probability

VashaNatasha [74]

Explanation:

Probabilities are described as ratios of favorable event outcome to the total number of event outcomes.

This is written as...

$P (E) =\frac{n(E)}{n(S)} \\$

where...

E= the number of times the event occurs

S= the number of trials

In biology experiments, hypotheses are formed based on research questions, and tested with the use of variables to provide a particular outcome. Statistics allows for testing data for consistency with the hypothesis, while statistical probability testing can be used in experiments to determine a range of outcomes, from genetic inheritance, evolutionary rates to theoretical experimental results.

In these statistical models, probability distributions are functions that give probabilities for certain event outcomes within an experiment (a set of trials). These may be either continuous, taking a value within a range of two numbers; or discrete, which may be either of two specified values. Discrete probability distributions list each value that a random variable may possibly take on.

Further Explanation:

For example, two types of probability distributions are employed in experimental biology:

Binomial distributions, which are discrete distributions, provide probability of a certain number of successful events for x a random variable, in a specific number of trials, n; here, the probability of success of an individual trial is constant at P and only one of two outcomes are possible- this is sampling with replacement.

where...

b(x; n, P)-the probability that an experiment of n trials results in x successes

nCx- the number of combinations of n things at r time

$b(x; n, P) = [ nCx ]* P^{x} * (1-P)^{n-x}\\$

This is often used in determining potential outcomes before data collection.

A type of continuous distribution, the student's t-test, compares standard deviations and means from two sets of samples or groups to check for significant differences between them.

$t= \frac{(x_{1} - x_{2}) }{\sqrt{(\frac{(S_{1}) ^{2} }{n1} }+ (\frac{(S_{2}) ^{2} }{n2 }}$

where...

x1 and s1 are the mean and standard deviation of sample 1 respectively
x2 and s2 are the mean and standard deviation of sample 1 respectively
n1 and n2 are sample sizes in samples 1 and 2 respectively

The null and alternate hypotheses typically theorize the likelihood and significance of certain event outcome probabilities. Critical values of t, along with degrees of freedom are used to determine a range of probable outcomes; probability or p- values along with this range, are used to determine whether either hypothesis is rejected or accepted.

For instance, significant differences between an experimental control and a specific treatment group would show that these occurrences are not due to sampling errors or random chance...

Learn more about calculating probability at brainly.com/question/4021035

Learn more about calculating event probability at brainly.com/question/6649771

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5 0

3 years ago

14. Brainstorm and write at least 3 potential challenges or important points to consider when conducting the described

Afina-wow [57]

When conducting an experiment, there are different aspects to consider, such as the question that drives to the reseach, the hypothesis, theoretical framework, variables involved -independent, dependent, and controll-, methodology, study groups, data analisys, among others.

In the exposed example, Pincky is lacking theoretical framework, defining which are the study groups, methodology to collect data, and a description of data analysis.

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The scientific method is a research method that consists of systematic observations, measures, experimentation, analysis, and verification of a hypothesis. It is based on two aspects: reproducibility, which is the capability of reproducing the experiment in any other place by any researcher, and refutability, which is the susceptibility to be refused.

When conducting an experiment, you need to consider,

• Definition and problem statement. The question for which there is not an answer yet.

• Hypothesis formulation. A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration.

• Data collection and analysis. This step involves testing the observations.

• Results

• Verification of hypothesis. This step involves the deriving of the working hypothesis.

• Discussion and Conclusion.

Previous knowledge about the study object is always required for a better understandig. A question the investigator wants to answer. The main goal of the study, which is basically what the investigator wants to find out. The researcher makes a hypothesis to predict what is going to happen. The experiment is to be performed to answer the question. The conclusions through which the hypothesis might be rejected or accepted.

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So in this experiment there must be,

Theoretical framework, such as information about the species, life stage at which they begin chirping, about external factors that might affect it or benefit it, and etcetera.

The goal: To know how temperature affects cricket´s chirping

Hypothesis: Crickets chirp less frequently under cold temperature than under warm temperature.

Variables: Temperature → Independent

Chirp frequency → Dependent

Water and food supply, light exposure, refuge → Controlled

Study groups: group of crickets exposed to a warmer temperature

group of crickets exposed to a colder temperature

Methodology: Individuals analyzed should be in the same development stage, or at least be sexually mature. Two groups of 10 individuals each should be placed under the same conditions, excepting for temperature. One of the groups should be exposed to warmer temperatures and the other one to lower temperatures. Chirps should be recorded for a week.

Data analysis: Using the chirps records, the frequency can be measured for each group. Results should be compared using different statistical analyses.

Results: Results should be clearly exposed, using texts, charts, and graphs.

Discussion and Conclusion: Hypothesis acceptance or rejection. Discussion about the expected results against the observed ones.

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Related link: brainly.com/question/17645242

3 0

3 years ago

A deadly, multidrug resistant form of ________ has been spreading and is difficult to treat. Because of the high risk of this il

Musya8 [376]

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Tuberculosis is usually treated by the end of six months or early. This is done by the first line TB drugs.

This disease is resistant to many of the antibiotics which is used by in case of Tuberculosis. These drugs were initially used to treat tuberculosis.

There are chances that this disease is not cured completely and is repeated again and again if the patient is not handled carefully.

The illness is very risky as it leads to coughing along with the blood clots and many more symptoms.

5 0

3 years ago

Which cellular process breaks down simple sugars to release energy?

yKpoI14uk [10]

Answer:

C. respiration

Explanation:

7 0

3 years ago

the variety of organisms at all levels in an ecosystem is __________. genetic diversity conservation biomes biodiversity

kaheart [24]

Biodiversity is the correct answer

6 0

3 years ago