If I'm remembering correctly, the Protestant Reformation was a direct challenge to the Catholic church during the Renaissance. The Renaissance spirit of questioning authority (A) WAS a cause. During this time period, the Renaissance, people were beginning to think for themselves about the traditions they had followed for centuries--including the Catholic church.
The sale of indulgences (B) was also a cause: people were unhappy that the Catholic church was making money by selling forgiveness of your sins. That's just not right! It drove many people away from Catholicism.
I believe the Council of Trent (C) was a RESPONSE to the Protestant Reformation, where Catholicism was looked at a little more closely. The council was very much against the Protestant Reformation. This option is an effect, not a cause.
Answer: C
C. Early Andean religion provided the foundation for inca clture.
Answer: The Scramble for Africa, also called the Partition of Africa,
In order to determine if the conclusion is valid, a historian might take actions A and D. A historian would first <em>identify the Europian countries which colonized Asia and Africa</em>. By doing this, a historian can get information about cultural background, religion, and ideas that these countries had. Then, the historian would <em>determine whether Asian and African communities resisted the colonization or not.</em>
