The xylem is made from dead, hollow cells.
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Tracheids and vessel elements are the main components of xylem witch have a function to transport water. Those are elongated dead cells at maturity (without protoplast) with a thick, strengthened cellulose cell wall and a hollow lumen. Even though they are dead they still maintain a function, because are being protected by surrounding living cells.</span>
Answer:
the amplitude.
Explanation:
The reason why is because an interference is when 2 waves combine to form a wave with a smaller amplitude than either the original wave...It occurs when the crest of one waves overlapes the trough of another wave
A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
See more about proton gradient at brainly.com/question/910600
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The examples of positive feedback loops are as follows:
- contractions during the process of giving birth
- Blood clotting
<h3>WHAT IS POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP:</h3>
- Positive feedback loop is that in which a change in a given direction causes additional change in that same direction.
- The contractions during the process of giving birth is an example of positive feedback loop because the contractions further stretch the walls and continues until birthing occurs.
- Also, the clotting of blood causes the stoppage of blood flow.
Therefore, the examples of positive feedback loops are as follows:
- contractions during the process of giving birth
- Blood clotting
Learn more about positive feedback loops at: brainly.com/question/11312580
A) weapons for an evolutionary arms race w/ disease causing organisms
