- In the carbon cycle, carbon is transferred or moved between the four reservoirs where it is in different states:
- Atmosphere, where it is in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) by joining with oxygen in the form of gas.
- Terrestrial biosphere is found in the elements that make up terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, in non-living organic matter, and in the soil.
- Oceans, is part of the hydrosphere, is found in dissolved organic carbon, in marine organisms and in non-living matter.
- Sediments: it is part of the geosphere, it is found in fossils and fossil fuels.
<h2>BRAINLYMENTALMENTE</h2>
Explanation:
Synapses are junctions at axon terminals where they connect to dendrites of other neurons at these junctions chemical reactions occur in order to facilitate the passage of information as chemical signals. There are several neuron types which include sensory motor and into neurons which bridge the two.
1. At neuromuscular junctions, electrical signals are transmitted:
- The action potential travels along the membrane until the synapse where it’s electrical depolarization leads to the opening of channels allowing only sodium ions to enter
- these flow through a presynaptic membrane until the concentration is built up, activating ion sensitive proteins attached to vesicles containing neurotransmitters like acetylcholine
- this leads to changes in the proteins leading to the fusion with the membrane of the presynaptic cell, so vesicles are open and neurotransmitter is released. The neurotransmitter diffuses across to chemical receptors on the presynaptic cell where they bind temporarily. This increases the permeability of the sarcolema to Na+;a new action potential is generated
2. Contraction of the sarcomere occurs via several steps.
- This action potential in the muscle, travels along T-tubules, and Ca+ ions are released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm
- Ca and troponin combine, pulling myosin filaments, exposing the actin filament's myosin binding sites
- cross-bridge formation occurs, leading to the sliding of filaments.
- ATP drives cross-bridge cycling while mysosin pulls on actin strands
- muscle fibers shorten and contract
- later ACH is degraded in the synapse. Na ions are not released, and the action potential is not transmitted.
- the Ca channels on the SR close, while Ca is reabsorbed stopping Ca-troponin binding, closing myosin binding sites on actin and leading to cross bridge separation. The muscle fiber relaxes in their resting states.
Learn more about the autonomic nervous system at brainly.com/question/10386413
Learn more about neurotransmitters at brainly.com/question/9424160
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Divergent evolution based on their homologous structures. they come from a common ancestor
Answer:
the outer layer of the star expands
Explanation:
Gravity pulls gas and dust together. A protostar forms as mass increases. A black hole forms as the core collapses.
