After the french revolution and the Napoleonic wars, Europe experienced a long period of time known as the Metternich time, during which liberalism, radicalism and other revolutionary ideas were hunted and cornered. The 1848 Revolutions challenged this conservatism and tried to create new forms of government by overtunring some of the the ruling monarchies in Europe. The communes in France actually saw the first form of organized communism and political socialism of the time and represented the end of the Metternich Europe.
