Elongated hyphens in this excerpt are most likely used
To indicate an approval of the normal flow of ideas
Explanation:
Astronomers have identified more spiral galaxies than ellipticals, but that's simply because the spirals are easier to spot. While spiral galaxies are bright, elliptical galaxies are dim. The existing stars inside an elliptical galaxy tend to be older, giving off more red light than younger stars.
An example of such a sentence could be: I was BORED during our math class.
A participle is usually used as an adjective within a sentence. Participles are made from verbs - those are those forms used to make tenses such as present perfect, past perfect, etc.
The word which is modified by the participle is the subject of the sentence - the pronoun I.
The author's use of clues to hint at what will happen later in the story.
