Answer:
E) Improve membrane fluidity
Explanation:
Cholesterol constitutes the basic structural element of the skeleton of cell membranes. Without their reinforcement, the membranes would become extremely fluid and lose their consistency. Cholesterol is found in the esterified membranes in its hydroxyl group (OH): with fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic, or as cholesterol sulfate. The cholesterol-sulfate polar group is disposed on one of the faces of the membrane that interacts with other polar groups in that area, while its bulky hydrophobic portion is embedded between the apolar parts of the lipids that form the membrane skeleton and They fulfill many other functions, among which the reduction in the permeability of protons and sodium ions, and their participation in signal transmission. Cholesterol is also essential in phagocytosis processes carried out by cells to capture many nutrients and, in general, for the function of cleaning up organic waste produced by macrophages.
The membranes must have a fluid structure so that the integrated proteins can move "horizontally" to interact with their ligands and with other proteins. The fluidity is given by unsaturated fat. With the excess of saturated fat, the membranes become rigid, but only with the necessary unsaturated fat the membranes are extremely fluid and very sensitive to temperature changes. Cholesterol stabilizes the structure of the membranes; In order for them to have the correct structure, they must have the correct proportions of saturated, unsaturated fats and cholesterol. The membranes produced in the laboratory without cholesterol are unstable to temperature changes, drastically modifying their fluidity against the small temperature changes that occur in the physiological range.
In addition to its functions in cell membranes, cholesterol is an important product that metabolism uses as a raw material to make other compounds:
*Bile salts
*Sex hormones
*Hormones of the adrenal cortex (corticosteroids)
*Vitamin D (Calciferol)
Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear membrane is a double layer that encloses the cell's nucleus, where the chromosomes reside
Answer:
a. preventing the cross-linkage of NAM subunits
Explanation:
The bacterial cell wall is made of peptidoglycan which is a polymer of alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) residues. The NAM residues are crosslinked to impart additional strength to the cell wall.
Most of the antibiotics that target the cell wall synthesis in bacteria inhibit the enzyme of transpeptidation which in turn cross-links the NAM residues of the polysaccharide chains of the bacterial cell wall. Examples of these antibiotics include penicillins and cephalosporins.
Answer:
a molecule of glucose is an example of potential energy
Explanation:
potential energy and kinetic energy
A) water rushing over Niagara Falls ====kinetic energy
B) light flashes emitted by a firefly ====kinetic energy
C) a molecule of glucose ====potential energy
D) a crawling beetle foraging for food====kinetic energy
