Correct Answer: Option g: <span>adding salt to water lowers its freezing point
Reason:
Freezing point is a colligative property. When a non-volatile solution is present in solution, it's freezing point decreases. This is referred as depression in freezing point (</span>ΔTf<span>). Extent of lowering in freezing point is dependent on number of particles present in system. Mathematically it is expressed as:
</span>ΔTf = Kf X m
<span>
where, m = molality of solution
Kf = cryoscopic constant.
Hence, a</span><span>dding salt to water lowers the freezing point of solution.</span>
Answer:
All of these three are polar molecules or ions
Explanation:
1) CO3 ^2-
It is a polar ion because it consists of one Oxygen atom and three carbon atoms so there is a substantial electroegativity difference between carbon and Oxygen due to which shared electrons are attracted more towards Oxygen creating partial negative charge on it and less towards carbon creating a partial positive charge on it, which makes the overall ion polar.
2) HCN
HCN is a polar molecule because there is substantial electronegativity difference between Carbon and Hydrogen as well as between Carbon and Nitrogen. Due to this negative charge is induced over Nitrogen because electronegativity of Nitrogen is 3.0 and positive charge on Carbon because its electronegativity is 2.5. The overall molecule is polar.
3) NO3^-1
Nitrate ion is also a polar molecule because there are three atoms of Oxygen and one atom of Nitrogen. There is substantial electronegativity difference between oxygen (3.44) and nitrogen (3.0) due to which partial positive charge is created on Nitrogen and partial negative charge created over three Oxygen atoms. The overall molecule is polar.
Hope it helps!
The kinetic energy in the solid and liquid phases is the same. The kinetic energy of the substance's particles will depend on the volume of the substance. The particles have less kinetic energy in the liquid phase than they do in the gas phase. ... They vibrate so quickly that the particles ionize and become plasma.
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