Answer:
The correct answer is B. <em>The cells in the outer skin surface appeared flat, whereas the cells in the cross section were not flat.</em>
Explanation:
The epidermis is made up of five cell layers, which have different functions: Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
- <u><em>Stratum basale</em></u> is the <em>innermost germinative, single, basal layer of the epidermis </em>composed of basal cuboidal-shaped cells. These cells are the precursor of keratinocytes, this is why this layer is also called germinativum. In this basal layer, there are also Merkel cells as well as melanocytes.
- <em><u>Stratum spinosum</u></em> refers to the keratinocytes which produce keratin.
- <u><em>Stratum granulosum</em></u>, this is the layer where keratinization begins. Cells produce hard granules that change to keratin and lipids as they ascend.
- <u><em>Stratum lucidum</em></u> is conformed of densely compressed cells, which begins to flatten and appear indistinguishable between each other.
- <u><em>Stratum corneum</em></u> is the most external layer, composed of dead, flattened cells which are released regularly in a process known as desquamation.
<em>the following diagram explains it clearly:
</em>
Answers –
1. Macroeconomics
2. Economic cycle
1. Macroeconomics refers to the study of the whole economy and how it behaves. It is a branch of the field of economics which carefully examines various economy-wide phenomena like, inflation, price levels, national income, GDP (gross domestic product), growth rate, and changes in unemployment.
2. The time from one economic peak to another economic peak is called the economic cycle. Like a roller coaster ride, the economic cycle is more or less like a behavioral pattern in the economy that consist of both growing and shrinking phases
<span>In marine vertebrates, the gill arches use the external gas exchange. The water holds less oxygen.
The ribs in terrestrial vertebrates have enclosed respiratory surface which is inside the body and comes as paired lungs.
Kidneys are efficient in excretion of regulation of water and nitrogenous wastes. Their reproduction is normally sexual with separate sexes.</span>
