The hormone vasopressin stimulates the kidneys to retain water.
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and acts on the nephron tubules which increase the reabsorption of water, thus decreasing water content in urine while increasing that of blood.
The increase in water concentration in the blood elevates blood pressure as well as blood volume which makes the urine concentrated.
It regulates the tonicity of body fluids and therefore, in response to hypertonicity stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb solute-free water and return it to the circulation from the tubules of the nephron, thus restoring the tonicity of the body fluids toward normal.
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(1)
Troposphere – This is the densest layer and where weather events occur
Stratosphere – This is where the ozone layer is found. Some high altitude aircraft cruise in this layer.
Mesosphere – Temperatures drop with altitude in this layer
Thermosphere – This is where most of the meteorites that enter the earth’s atmosphere burn up. This layer takes up most of the Uv and X-rays from the sun. Most satellites orbiting earth are in this layer
Exosphere – almost akin to space due to the thinness of the layer. Molecules in the layer often escape into space
(2)
A ‘pause’ is a transition between the above-mentioned distinct layers. The tropopause, for example, occurs between the troposphere and the stratosphere and the stratopause between the stratosphere and mesosphere and thermopause is found between thermosphere and exosphere.
(3)
A temperature inversion is a rise in temperatures with altitude in a layer in the atmosphere. One layer exhibiting temperature inversion is the stratosphere. This is due to the ozone layer that absorbs UV light. The upper ozone absorbs most of the UV light, than lower ozone, exciting the molecules and making the higher altitudes in the layer to be warmer.
(4)
The ozone layer protects life on earth from the high energy UV radiation from the sun. UV is capable of causing double-stranded break on DNA resulting in genetic mutations on organisms. Most of these would be lethal. The Ozone absorbs most of the UV before it reaches earth's surface. Ozone is formed when an oxygen molecule reacts with another oxygen atom to form an O₃. The oxygen atoms are made from the splitting of an oxygen molecule by UV light.
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a lake where light is being refracted from the water
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One will eat humans and the other won't and their snouts an Alligator's snout is long and narrow and a Crocodile's snout is short and wide
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