0.416666666666 is the answer I believe
The ration of white pair of socks and black pair of socks is 11:8 because Michael has already took one pair of the white socks so it's 11:8 between the two but to know the probability of one color you have to put it over the total amount of pair of socks so in total there are 19 now and 8 black pair of socks (were only looking for the probability of the black pair of socks and not the white)
8:19 is the ratio from black pair of socks to the total pairs of socks
You can also say 8/19 or 42% chance
The value of s = 227 degrees. You can determine this because the area of a triangle is always 180 degrees. Since it is s-47, you add 47 to 180. This equals 227. Plug the number in and you get correct answer. 227-47=180
Hope this helps!
Use the formula y=1 and so forth