Answer:
Skin acts a defensive and protective layer. It protects the internal body from pathogens, which are disease causing bacteria. The skin can fend off bacteria, particles, foreign bodies, etc.
Explanation:
Explanation:
The inbreeding process, are blood crossings between relatives who have a common ancestor. Inbreeding leads to an increase in the frequency of homozygous genotypes and a decrease in the frequency of heterozygotes. We may also note that although changes in genotypic frequencies occur, no changes in allelic frequencies are observed over successive generations of self-fertilization. The main consequence of 2 individuals sharing one or more common ancestors is that they may carry replicas (identical copies) of one or more genes present in these ancestors. And if these individuals mate, they can pass on such replicas to their offspring, generating self-sibling offspring, that is, with two identical copies of the same gene that was present in these common ancestors.
An ionic bond results in an exchange or transfer of electrons between the 2 different types of atoms, most likely the metal atom and nonmetal one.
For example the compound NaF is held together by electrostatic forces of positive and negative charges due to the transfer of electrons from the sodium to fluoride atom.
