Question

In addition to the core regions, the "where" pathway for audition includes the: belt and parabelt regions and the posterior parietal cortex. anterior parts of the auditory cortex. belt and parabelt regions and the anterior parts of the temporal cortex. posterior parts of the auditory cortex and the posterior parietal cortex.

Answer 1

Answer:

The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is on the inferior–lateral brain surface near the external ear. In macaques, 2/3 of the STG is occupied by an auditory cortical region, the “parabelt,” which is part of a network of inferior temporal areas subserving communication and social cognition as well as object recognition and other functions. However, due to its location beneath the squamous temporal bone and temporalis muscle, the STG, like other inferior temporal regions, has been a challenging target for physiological studies in awake-behaving macaques. We designed a new procedure for implanting recording chambers to provide direct access to the STG, allowing us to evaluate neuronal properties and their topography across the full extent of the STG in awake-behaving macaques. Initial surveys of the STG have yielded several new findings. Unexpectedly, STG sites in monkeys that were listening passively responded to tones with magnitudes comparable to those of responses to 1/3 octave band-pass noise. Mapping results showed longer response latencies in more rostral sites and possible tonotopic patterns parallel to core and belt areas, suggesting the reversal of gradients between caudal and rostral parabelt areas. These results will help further exploration of parabelt areas.

Explanation:

Auditory cortex has been less extensively studied in primates than visual cortex, and little is known about auditory cortex organization in galagos. The standard model for the early stages of processing in auditory cortex of primates now includes a core of three primary or primary-like areas, A1 (the primary area), R (the rostral area), and RT (the rostrotemporal area), surrounded by a belt of eight secondary areas, bordered laterally by a parabelt, a third level of cortical processing of two divisions