Answer:
Molecular genetic approaches to the study of plant metabolism can be traced back to the isolation of the first cDNA encoding a plant enzyme (Bedbrook et al., 1980), the use of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells (Hernalsteens et al., 1980) and the establishment of routine plant transformation systems (Bevan, 1984; Horsch et al., 1985). It became possible to express foreign genes in plants and potentially to overexpress plant genes using cDNAs linked to strong promoters, with the aim of modifying metabolism. However, the discovery of the antisense phenomenon of plant gene silencing (van der Krol et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1988), and subsequently co‐suppression (Napoli et al., 1990; van der Krol et al., 1990), provided the most powerful and widely‐used methods for investigating the roles of specific enzymes in metabolism and plant growth. The antisense or co‐supression of gene expression, collectively known as post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), has been particularly versatile and powerful in studies of plant metabolism. With such molecular tools in place, plant metabolism became accessible to investigation and manipulation through genetic modification and dramatic progress was made in subsequent years (Stitt and Sonnewald, 1995; Herbers and Sonnewald, 1996), particularly in studies of solanaceous species (Frommer and Sonnewald, 1995).
La Niña follows after an El Niño. Its sea surface temperature will be lower than the natural one by 3-5 degree Celcius which tells us that it is cooler than the average temperature. It is the positive state of the El Niño. It really disturbs the natural weather patterns which could result to extreme storms.
If it’s referring to sea floor spreading then the answer is D, I hate analogies but I think it’s talking about the mantle convection that slowly breaks away at the lithosphere
Answer:
Any change in the level of a limiting factor will affect the rate of reaction. If the level is too low or too high, the rate of photosynthesis declines rapidly.
Explanation:
