Answer:
A. Molecular changes such as extracellular signals on extracellular ligands can result in quick changes in cell behaviour. One example is insulin. Upon insulin binding on the receptor on the cell membrane, the cell release GLUT4 transporters (for muscle cells) to increase uptake of glucose.
B. Slow changes in cell behaviour can be observed for other lipophilic hormones or intracellular receptors such as glucocoortoid or estrogen which reacts with receptors in the cells.
C. Insulin is required to maintain a constant blood glucose level and hence levels of insulin has to be mediated in correspondence to the blood glucose levels. Fast acting signalling is thus required for homeostasis of blood glucose levels. Where for such lipophilic hormones such as steriods, glucocortoid, these hormones tend to have a longer lasting effect and hence results in a slow change.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide goes with the concentration gradient across the cell membrane. It goes in the direction of the concentration gradient, from high concentration to low concentration.
Explanation:
undergoes simple diffusion, which is an example of passive transport. Passive transport diffusion goes with the concentration gradient, while on the other hand, active transport goes against the concentration gradient.
Going with the concentration gradient means that the molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. This is what carbon dioxide does.
Going against the concentration gradient means that the molecules move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. This goes against the concentration gradient.
Answer: Hydrophobic hormones
Explanation:
Hydrophobic hormones are able to diffuse through the membrane and interact with the intracellular receptor.
These hormones travels in the blood plasma which is bound to the plasma protein.
Example: Steroidal hormones are highly hydrophobic in nature.Steroids are sex hormones related to the maturity of the body.
Cattywampus means like tilted or not lined up perfectly. It’s basically a British slang word for crooked mate :)
