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AlekseyPX
3 years ago
8

Which of the following must be true about a reaction if it is only spontaneous at high temperatures?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Anastaziya [24]3 years ago
3 0

1) Answer is: It is endothermic, with both positive enthalpy and entropy changes.

Endothermic reactions (ΔH>0) that increase the entropy of the system (ΔS>0) are spontaneous at high temperatures.

The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG), at constant temperature and pressure, is: ΔG=ΔH−TΔS.

ΔH is the change in enthalpy.

ΔS is change in entropy.

T is temperature of the system.

When ΔG is negative, a reaction (occurs without the addition of external energy) will be spontaneous (exergonic).

2) Answer is: It is endothermic and heat is added to the system.

There are two types of reaction:

1) endothermic reaction (chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases, ΔH>0).

2) exothermic reaction (chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs).

For example, the breakdown of ozone is an endothermic process. Ozone has lower energy than molecular oxygen (O₂) and oxygen atom, so ozone need energy to break bond between oxygen atoms.

3) Answer is: For every two AB produced, the reaction requires three A.

Balanced chemical reaction: 3A + B → 2AB.

From balanced chemical reaction: n(A) : n(AB) = 3 : 2.

n(A) = 3 · n(AB) ÷ 2.

A and B are reactants and AB is product of balanced chemical reaction.

For every two AB produced, the reaction requires one B.

4) Answer is:

the amount of required activation energy = potential energy of the B - potential energy of the reactants A.

the enthalpy change of the reaction = potential energy of the products C - potential energy of the reactants A.

For all chemical reaction some energy is required and that energy is called activation energy (energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start).

This is endothermic reaction.

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How does the A Hreaction relate to the A He of molecules involved in a reaction?
igor_vitrenko [27]

Answer:

B. ΔHreaction = ΔH°f reactants- ΔH°f products

Explanation:

<em>Using Hess's law, it is possible to sum ΔH of several related reactions to find ΔH of a particular reaction</em>.

Having in mind Hess's law, ΔH°f is defined as the change in enthalpy during the formation of 1 mole of substance from its constituent elements (That is, pure elements, mono or diatomics, that have a ΔH° = 0).

For example, in ΔH°f of H₂O, the equation is:

H₂(g) + 1/2O₂(g) → H₂O(g)

The constituent elements with ΔH°f = 0 are H₂(g) and O₂(g).

Now, using Hess's law, you can sum the ΔH°f of substance in a reaction as, for example:

NaOH + HCl → H₂O + NaCl. ΔHr

The ΔH°f for each substance in the reaction is:

NaOH: Na + 1/2H₂ + 1/2O₂ → NaOH <em>(1)</em>

HCl: 1/2H₂ + 1/2Cl₂ → HCl <em>(2)</em>

H₂O: H₂ + 1/2O₂ → H₂O <em>(3)</em>

NaCl: Na + 1/2Cl₂ → NaCl <em>(4)</em>

The algebraic sum of (3) + (4) is -(ΔH°f reactants):

H₂ + 1/2O₂ + Na + 1/2Cl₂ → NaCl + H₂O ΔH°f reactants

This reaction - {(1)+(2)} ΔH°f products

NaOH + HCl → H₂O + NaCl.

ΔHr = ΔH°f reactants- ΔH°f products

In the example, we obtain this relationship that can be expanded for all reactions. Thus, right answer is:

<h3>B. ΔHreaction = ΔH°f reactants- ΔH°f products</h3>

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