A chemical reaction has reached equilibrium when<em><u> the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction</u></em>
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Chemical reaction is the reaction of product formation from reactants
In industrial or laboratory processes, the reaction can be reversible
Generally this reaction occurs in closed room conditions
In a reaction will occur, initially there will be <em>a decrease in the concentration of reactants and an increase in product concentration.</em> The reaction speed value of the reactants is also getting smaller and smaller and the reaction speed value of the product is getting bigger and bigger. At one time, the reactant reaction speed will be the same as the reaction speed of the product so that equilibrium occurs, as if the reaction has stopped (no observable changes = macroscopic properties). But the reaction still occurs at the microscopic level (molecular)
Let's look at the answer choices
- all products have been removed from the reaction mixture
the product taken will cause the reaction to go in one direction towards the product, so that equilibrium will not occur
- the catalyst has been used up
The catalyst serves to increase the rate of reaction because it decreases the activation energy, but the catalyst does not change because it remains in the reaction until the final stage of the reaction
- the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
The equilibrium reaction occurs if the reaction rate to the right (towards the product) is equal to the reaction rate to the left (towards the reactants) so v (rate)to the right = v(rate) to the left
- the concentrations of reactants and products are equal
At the beginning of the reaction, the reactant concentration will decrease and the concentration of the product will increase. The concentration of the product and reactants will remain different until the end of the reaction, but at a state of equilibrium the concentration of each substance is constant
- all reactants have been converted to products
In the equilibrium state, the reaction will be incomplete after some reactants react, because a product is formed which is simultaneously decomposed back into products
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