Answer:
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden. Mendel's observations became the foundation of modern genetics and the study of heredity, and he is widely considered a pioneer in the field of genetics. He is known as the "father of modern genetics".
9:3:3:1
that is the phenotype ratio
9/16 is gonna have freckles and cleft chin (dominant traits)
3/16 is gonna have freckles and no cleft chin
3/16 is gonna have cleft chin but no freckles
1/16 is gonna have no freckles and no cleft chin (recessive traits)
take R as freckles and dominant, r as recessive and no freckles
take Y as cleft chin dominant, y as no cleft chin recessive and substitute
C. Gametes are formed by meiosis and are diploid, while body cells are formed by mitosis and are haploid.