1) Plants and plankton use carbon in the atmosphere for photosynthesis (CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O8 + O2).
2) Animals eat the plankton and plants, or decomposers/detritivores break down decaying plant material. This releases carbon back into the atmosphere via cellular respiration.
3) Dead organisms are buried and become fossil fuels, burned for fuel because of its carbon content (this returns carbon to the atmosphere)
Answer:
Carrier proteins bound to the molecule, change shape, and transport the molecule through the cell membrane and onto the other side.
If cytokinesis happened first, the chromosomes would not have replicated and the resulting daughter cells wont be the correct ploidy
TOuch and pain are controlled by different regions of the brain, so I gonna treat these terms separately:
PAIN: one thing seems certain: there is no single "pain centre" whose only activity could account for all facets of pain. In other words, no lobotomy of any particular region of the brain completely removes the pain. So there are many regions that are responsible for pain: The reticular formation and the thalamus (specifically the Deep lemniscal territory) which is responsible for both touch and pain sensations
TOUCH: touch sensation are processed by parietal lobe in the brain cortex (which is also responsible for sight and hearing), and the deep lemniscal territory in the thalamus.