Most likely due to the reduced production of endorphins
<span>Drug and alcohol or tobacco use can have a wide range of short- and long-term effects.</span>
Longer-term effects will embrace heart or respiratory organ malady, cancer, psychopathy, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and others.
Long-run drug use may also cause addiction. Dependency could be a neurological disorder. Not everybody who used medicine can become habitual, except for some, drug use will amendment however sure brain circuits work. These brain changes interfere with however individuals expertise traditional pleasures in life like food and sex, their ability to regulate their stress level, their decision-making, their ability to find out and bear in mind, etc.
These changes create it far more troublesome for somebody to prevent taking the drug even once it’s having negative effects on their life and that they wish to quit.
Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because...genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Explanation:
Archibald Garrod researched on alkaptonuria and proposed the ‘one gene-one enzyme’ hypothesis. This led to the finding that alkaptonuria is caused due to an inherited or “inborn error of metabolism”.
This hypothesis stated that each gene codes and responsible for a single specific enzyme which facilitates a particular step in the metabolic processes.
According to Garrod, a mutation of a particular gene leads to specific error or defect leading to a lack of a particular enzyme that takes part in the biochemical metabolic pathways. This disrupts the metabolic pathway at the specific enzymatic action point.
In alkaptonuria, it was found that the defective phenotype of dark urine is due to the inborn error happening during the waste elimination process.
