The answer is D) The depopulation of the Americas, the overall effect was an increased population worldwide
When the Taino gathered on the shores of San Salvador Island to welcome a small party of foreign sailors on 12 October 1492, they had little idea what lay in store. They laid down their weapons willingly and brought the foreign sailors—Christopher Columbus and his crewmen—tokens of friendship: parrots, bits of cotton thread, and other presents. Columbus later wrote that the Taino “remained so much our friends that it was a marvel.”
A year later, Columbus built his first town on the nearby island of Hispaniola, where the Taino numbered at least 60,000 and possibly as many as 8 million, according to some estimates. But by 1548, the Taino population there had plummeted to less than 500. Lacking immunity to Old World pathogens carried by the Spanish, Hispaniola’s indigenous inhabitants fell victim to terrible plagues of smallpox, influenza, and other viruses.
The population of African and Eurasian peoples in the Americas grew steadily, while the indigenous population plummeted. Eurasian diseases such as influenza, bubonic plague and pneumonic plagues, yellow fever, smallpox, and malaria devastated the Native Americans, who did not have immunity to them. Conflict and outright warfare with Western European newcomers and other American tribes further reduced populations and disrupted traditional societies. The extent and causes of the decline have long been a subject of academic debate, along with its characterization as a genocide.[2]
Populations in other parts like in Europe benefited of the products imported by Europeans like corn, potatoes, etc.
Popular culture accepts violence and oppression of women, along with macho attitudes in vampire films ... Alison Happel and Jennifer Esposito analyze in their book, such as the role of women, vampires, and the sexualization of female characters, as well as aspects of feminism and machismo, can be found in the movie Twilight, from the novel by Stephanie Meyer. The writer of Twilight, tries to create a strong feminine character that takes care of itself, but she fails, and in the end the protagonist is submissive with the masculine personage; according to her analysis, the novel and the film instead of empowering the woman with her character, promotes domestic violence and makes it seem desirable and attractive, which becomes a problem in popular culture.
The correct answer is D. Kept people from settling farther west
Explanation:
In the United States, the Appalachian Mountains extend from the North of Maine to Alabama; this geographical feature creates a natural barrier that separates the East coast from western territories. Indeed, during the first decades of colonization, settlers only settled east to the Appalachian and in this territory, the first thirteen colonies were formed. This is because it was challenging to cross the Appalachian Mountains and settled in western territories. This means, these mountains initially prevented settlers from going farther west (option D.)
GOVERNMENTs almost certainly originated with the need to protect people from conflicts and to provide law and order. Why have conflicts among people happened throughout history? Many people, both famous and ordinary, have tried to answer that question. Perhaps human nature dictates selfishness, and people inevitably will come to blows over who gets what property or privilege. Or maybe, as KARL MARX explains, it is because the very idea of "PROPERTY" makes people selfish and greedy.
Whatever the reasons, governments first evolved as people discovered that protection was easier if they stayed together in groups and if they all agreed that one (or some) in the group should have more power than others. This recognition is the basis of SOVEREIGNTY, or the right of a group (later a country) to be free of outside interference.
The Great Wall of China
Part of a government's function is to protect its citizens from outside attack. Ancient Chinese emperors constructed a "Great Wall" to defend the borders of their empire.
A country, then, needs to not only protect its citizens from one another, but it needs to organize to prevent outside attack. Sometimes they have built Great Walls and guarded them carefully from invaders. Other times they have led their followers to safe areas protected by high mountains, wide rivers, or vast deserts. Historically, they have raised armies, and the most successful ones have trained and armed special groups to defend the rest. Indeed in the twentieth century, governments have formed alliances and fought great world wars in the name of protection and order.
In more recent years, government responsibilities have extended to the economy and public service. An early principle of capitalism dictates that markets should be free from government control. But when economies spun out of control during the 1930s, and countries sank into great depressions, governments acted. The United States Congress created the FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM in the early twentieth century to ward off inflation and monitor the value of the dollar. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT and his "BRAIN TRUST" devised New Deal programs to shock the country into prosperity.
The Federal Reserve System
Governments become involved with the economic workings of their countries. In the 1930s, the Federal Reserve System began to take a role in helping the American economy prevent another depression by locating currency reserves at centralized banks.
Perhaps government responsibility to provide social programs to its citizens is the most controversial of all. In the United States the tradition began with the New Deal programs, many of which provided people with relief through jobs, payments, and food. During the 1960s PRESIDENT LYNDON JOHNSON unveiled his "GREAT SOCIETY" programs aimed at eliminating poverty in the entire country. Many European countries today provide national medical insurance and extensive welfare benefits. Many Americans criticize these programs as expensive ventures that destroy the individual's sense of responsibility for his/her own well being. So the debate over the proper role of government in providing for its people's general welfare is still alive and well today.
Though the rules and responsibilities vary greatly through time and place, governments must create them. Governments provide the parameters for everyday behavior for citizens, protect them from outside interference, and often provide for their well-being and happiness.
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The Federal Reserve
In the last few centuries, some economists and thinkers have advocated government control over some aspects of the economy. The Federal Reserve Board was created in order to prevent major economic crises in the United States, as its official website explains.
Purposes and Functions
The purpose of the "Fed" is explained in this series of PDF (Adobe Acrobat) files.
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Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech
The dominant political figure of the U.S. in the 1980s was Ronald Reagan. In his first inaugural address, from Reagan.com, President Reagan put forth his ideas about the purpose of government, which he believed should stay out of the affairs of its citizens and focus primarily on assuring individual freedoms.
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A Talk with Bill Clinton
This 1996 interview with President Clinton conducted by The Atlantic explores the ideas of the dominant political figure of the 1990s. The president discusses his ideas of what government is for and how it can serve its citizens, such as through programs of universal health care and job creation.
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The correct answer is the founding values and principles of the country
America is founded on a strong democratic and idealistic standing. America also has a rich history from which it borrows. This includes the calamity of the Civil War and the lessons learned
