Answer:
The prolonged electrical depolarization of cardiac muscle cells -that occurs during contraction- is due primarily to the persistent influx of calcium ion
Explanation:
The action potential of the heart muscle is longer with respect to skeletal muscle (around 300 milliseconds), and this is due to the activity of calcium (Ca⁺⁺ ) in the intracellular compartment.
The initial depolarization of cardiac muscle fiber depends on the entry of sodium (Na⁺) into the cell. However, for the action potential to occur and be maintained, Ca⁺⁺ must increase its cytoplasmic levels, which depends on:
- The increase in intracellular sodium induces the release of Ca⁺⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Calcium entry from the extracellular space through the voltage dependent Ca⁺⁺ channels.
- The entry of extracellular Ca⁺⁺ causes the release of more Ca⁺⁺ ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, further increasing its intracellular concentration.
This is how the ion that guarantees the duration of the action potential of the cardiac muscle cell is the Ca⁺⁺.
Learn more:
Calcium, sodium and cardiac muscle cells brainly.com/question/4473795
Answer:
<h2>5.storage of energy</h2>
Explanation:
- Proteins are important biomolecules that are a type of macromolecule.
- This macromolecule is made up of a monomer that is called amino acid.
- There are many functions of the protein molecules in living organisms.
- They play an important role as bodybuilding molecules, as enzymes, as transporter molecules, and many more.
- Most of the enzymes are made up of the protein molecules and regulate the metabolic process of the living organisms.
- Certain proteins are present in the plasma membrane of the cells and play an important role in the transport of the substances across the cells, recognition of certain foreign particles, and some other functions.
- They also play an important role in the immune system.
- The main storage molecules of energy are carbohydrates and fats so storage of energy is not considered as the major function of the proteins because they do not involve as carbohydrates and fats.
D) relieving fishing pressure on over fished species
Answer:
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