Two countries will have zero incentive to trade if their production-possibilities curves are parallel straight lines because <u>the opportunity costs for both the countries is the same, and one country has complete advantage in the good's production, which is why no incentive is provided for that country's trade.</u>
The term production possibility curve refers to the the graph where we see all the different combinations of output that can be produces using the present resources as well as technology.
Production possibility curve is also known as production possibilities frontier sometimes and they usually show tradeoffs as well as scarcity, through the graph.
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A consequentialist approach to ethics is an approach that claims that the morality of an action depends on its outcome. This means that an action is "good" is the consequence it brings is good as well. An example of such a theory is Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism states that an action is morally good if it leads to the most happiness for greatest number of people. However, an objection that can be made to this theory is that utility and happiness are subjective, as well as difficult to measure.
On the other hand, non-consequentialist ethics state that the morality of an action is based on the rightness and wrongness of the actions themselves and not the consequences of those actions. An example of this is the Natural Rights Theory, which states that humans have an inherent right to certain rights, regardless of human behaviour. However, it is unclear who has the right to state what these rights are, which has led to criticism of the theory.