The human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) that causes the disease known as aids selectively infects ________ cells.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as aids selectively infects helper T cells (CD4+).

This retrovirus also infects macrophages and dendritic cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decrease below a critical level (due to the killing of this cells with different mechanisms), cell-mediated immunity is lost. As a result, the body becomes progressively more susceptible to infections, leading to the development of AIDS.

<span> HIV can be transmitted only via body fluids like blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, which means that people usually get or transmit HIV through sexual behaviours and use of the needle. For HIV infection, these fluids must come in direct contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue. Another way is to be directly injected into the bloodstream (from a needle for example).</span>

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Label the figure below. Word bank: leading strand, lagging strand, DNA

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Answer:

DNA can replicate itself because its two strands are complementary. This means that one strand can be used as a template to make the other strand. It happens right before cell division via mitosis or meiosis so that each new daughter cell can have a complete genome.

Before replication can start, the double strands of DNA need to separate from each other. An enzyme called DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands, allowing them to come apart.

The point where this unzipping starts is called an origin point. Eukaryotic DNA can have more than one origin point, but prokaryotes can only have one.

The points where DNA is currently unwinding are called replication forks.

A comparison of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication

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