Question: <em>What is the hybridization of each carbon and oxygen atoms in vitamin C?</em>
Answer:
1. To decide the hybridization of a carbon, look at how many atoms are attached to it (including the hydrogens that may be unwritten). If there are 4 total atoms attached (all with single bonds), the carbon must have sp3 orbitals (there are 4 of them). If 3, then sp2. If 2, then sp. Carbon can't be sp3d or sp3d2 hybridized because carbon is in the 2nd period of the periodic table and doesn't possess any d orbitals to hybridize.
2. Not sure what this question means. Did you mean to type just C-C bonds? If so, just count the number of bonds between 2 carbon atoms!
3. Use VSEPR. The bond angle is as great as possible, based on the repulsion of the valence electron pairs (both bonded and lone). This is also related to hybridization. sp3 hybrid orbitals are 109.5 degress apart, sp2 is 120, sp is 180.
4. See part 1. Determine the hybridization of both C4 and C5. The overlap of an orbital from each carbon is what forms the sigma bond.
1. Radio isotopes are used in all the industries mentioned above, that is, nuclear power plants, pharmacology and agricultural studies. So the correct option is D.
2. The statement is true. Radio isotope is used in medicine mostly as a diagnostic tool to diagnose illnesses.
3. Nuclear wastes are enclosed in lead and buried in cement casks deep underground so that the lead, cement and the earth cover will act as radiation shield. The correct option is B.
4.This statement is false. The US has 75 different radioactive storage locations across USA.
5. This statement is false. Radioactive contamination can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, absorption and through contact with skin or clothing materials.
6. The statement is false. Uranium fuel is not burned, it undergoes fission process.
7. This statement is true. This is because nuclear power production has less green house effects compare to fossils fuels.
8. This statement is false. Nuclear energy is not renewable and it pollutes the environment.
9. Nuclear power plants are favoured because the power produce by them are more reliable source of energy which does not deplete the ozone layer.
You said that the sugar dissolved. When that happened, the liquid became a SOLUTION.
