Despite wide recognition that speculation is critical for successful science, philosophers have attended little to it. When they have, speculation has been characterized in narrowly epistemic terms: a hypothesis is speculative due to its (lack of) evidential support. These ‘evidence-first’ accounts provide little guidance for what makes speculation productive or egregious, nor how to foster the former while avoiding the latter. I examine how scientists discuss speculation and identify various functions speculations play. On this basis, I develop a ‘function-first’ account of speculation. This analysis grounds a richer discussion of when speculation is egregious and when it is productive, based in both fine-grained analysis of the speculation’s purpose, and what I call the ‘epistemic situation’ scientists face.
<span>This causes Ty to experience "Role Strain'.
Role strain refers to a situation where someone in a social or professional role has to face contradicting, </span><span> incompatible behavior, expectations, or obligations within a single role, like in the given case Ty on one hand has to encourage and support the students which is a sympathetic trait but at the same time has to be strict in grades.</span>
Its most likely D
Sorry is I am wrong even tho I don’t think so
Jackson won the presidency in the 1824 election, but previously lost the contingent election that was held in the House of Representatives. Ater the election, Jackson's supporters accused Adams and Henry Clay of having reached a "corrupt deal" in which Clay helped Adams win the contingent election in return for the position of Secretary of State.
Wade Hampton was not the Senator