Answer:
option D
Explanation:
This is to test for the genotype of an organism that shows the dominant phenotype for a particular trait trait. To perform a testcross in determining the genotype of a plant, a true breeding pink flowering plant is usually utilized.
Answer:
The correct answer is both involve moving substance across the membrane.
Explanation:
Passive transport is one of the most important membrane transport process which helps in transport of polar molecules and gases along their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.No addition energy is required to carry out passive transport because during passive transport molecules move from high concentration region to the region of low concentration.
Active transport is a specific type of membrane transport process which helps in the passage of ions against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.As the ions are moving against their concentration gradient additional chemical energy is required to carry out their uphill transport.
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory which describes the properties of cells.
These cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also
the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes
over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells
in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology.
Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst
scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular
regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. Cell
theory was eventually formulated in 1839. This is usually credited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. However, many other scientists like Rudolf Virchow
contributed to the theory. Cell theory has become the foundation of
biology and is the most widely accepted explanation of the function of
cells.
The three tenets to the cell theory are as described below:
<span><span>All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. (However,
this is considered a controversy because non-cellular life such as
viruses are disputed as a life form. See Non-cellular life.)</span>The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.<span>Cells arise from pre-existing cells.</span></span>
The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle, the inner of these membranes is invaginated to form structures called cristae. The fluid inside is called the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondria has a pivotal role in the creation of ATP in aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis occurs outside the mitochondria, producing pyruvate and ATP, the pyruvate endures the link reaction on its way into the mitochondrial matrix and turns into acetyl co enzyme A. This acetyl group is used in the matrix in what is called Krebs cycle, where the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled with the reduction of hydrogen carriers. The products of Krebs cycle are then transported to the electron transport chain on the cristae where the reduced NADH and FADH are then oxidized. The remaining hydrogen electrons are transported down the chain where an oxygen molecule is reduced to water. Chemiosmosis also occurs at the electron transport chain, in which hydrogen protons move down the concentration gradient (from the inner mitochondrion membrane) through an ATP synthase where ATP is generated. The multiple folds inside the mitochondria which are the cristae, mean that there is plenty of surface area for cellular respirations to occur at.
I do not really know but i think that the answer is c but wait for other people