In series circuit, Req = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + ···
In parallel circuit, 
<h3>Q7.</h3>
total resistance in the upper branch = R₂ + R₃ = R₂ + 2


R₂ + 2 = 12
R₂ = 10Ω
<h3>Q8.</h3>


Req = 1.7Ω
Answer:
A. 
B. 
C. 
Explanation:
The capacitance of a capacitor is its ability to store charges. For parallel-plate capacitors, this ability depends the material between the plates, the common plate area and the plate separation. The relationship is

is the capacitance,
is the common plate area,
is the plate separation and
is the permittivity of the material between the plates.
For air or free space,
is
called the permittivity of free space. In general,
where
is the relative permittivity or dielectric constant of the material between the plates. It is a factor that determines the strength of the material compared to air. In fact, for air or vacuum,
.
The energy stored in a capacitor is the average of the product of its charge and voltage.

Its charge,
, is related to its capacitance by
(this is the electrical definition of capacitance, a ratio of the charge to its voltage; the previous formula is the geometric definition). Substituting this in the formula for
,

A. Substituting for
in
,

B. When the distance is
,


C. When the distance is restored but with a dielectric material of dielectric constant,
, inserted, we have

Answer b protons and electrons
A comet is the loose, icy body with a long, narrow orbit.
Comets are very small solar system body made mainly of ices mixed with smaller amounts of dust and rock. Most comets are not larger than a few kilometers across. The main body of the comet is called the nucleus, and it can contain water, methane, nitrogen and other ices. Their speeds vary depending on their orbits and where they are in it. The closer they are to the sun, the faster they are going.
Answer:
194,400 joules of kinetic energy.
Explanation:
Remember that to calculate the Kinetic energy you need to use the next formula:

We know that Mass= 1200 kg and velocity is 18m/s, so we insert those values into the formula:

So the kinetic energy of a car moving at 18m/s with a mass of 1200 kg would be 194,400 joules.