<u>Answer</u>: The answers are matched as follows:
African forests have been hunted to near extinction levels to obtain ivory-------------->human exploitation
The eruption of mount Saint Helens destroyed some populations of conifers------> natural disasters
An infection with a fungus reduced the population of North American Elm trees ----> disease
Increasing global temperatures have altered migration patterns of humpback whales ------>climate change
<u>Explanation</u>:
- <em>Human</em> <em>exploitation</em> is the unethical or selfish use of resources to satisfy their own personal needs or for any profitable activity which harms the resources in such a way that they get limited. Humans have been hunting elephants to obtain ivory for many purposes such as making jewellery etc. and earning profits from it. Due to such extensive hunting they have driven the elephants to a level of extinction and thus, this is a form of human exploitation.
- Mount Saint Helens is a volcano and its eruption which harms the population of the trees in the area is a form of natural disaster since volcanic eruption is a <em>natural</em> <em>phenomena</em>.
- Fungal infection is a <em>disease</em> which is cause by the microorganisms which harms the population of the Elm trees.
- Increase of global temperature is a type of climate <em>change</em> and thus, this effect of alteration of migration pattern is caused by climate change.
<span>The inserted genes may have unexpected harmful effects.</span>
Raynaud's phenomenon refers to an ailment featured by blood vessel unusuality resulting due to overactivity of the smooth muscle in the wall of arteries, causing spasms (vasospasms with constriction) of the small vessels, which supply blood to the legs, arms, feet, and hands, and sometimes the nose and ears.
Thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as Buerger's disease and vasculitis, is characterized by thrombosis and inflammation of the small and medium arteries of the feet and legs that recurs and advances in phases.
