Adenine and something that starts with a G
Answer:
d. Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
Explanation:
Dental caries results when cariogenic (caries-causing) bacteria metabolize carbohydrates or sugars present in the mouth for their energy needs, producing organic acids as byproducts, thus lowering the pH of the plaque biofilm.
The hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel is composed mainly of phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) and calcium ions (Ca⁺). Under normal conditions, there is a stable equilibrium between the calcium and phosphate ions in saliva and the crystalline hydroxyapatite. At low pH (acidic conditions), there is a shift in equilibrium resulting in the dissolution of hydroxyapatite from tooth enamel, a process known as demineralization. A reverse process called remineralization (the process of incorporation of minerals in tooth enamel) occurs when the saliva, acting as a buffer elevates pH. When equilibrium is shifted to favor continued demineralization, dental caries results.
However, when fluoride is present in saliva, fluorapatite, rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during the remineralization process as fluoride ions replace hydroxyl groups in the formation of the apatite crystal lattice.
Fluorapatite is less soluble than hydroxyapatite making it more resistant to demineralization, even under conditions of low pH. Thus, fluoride acts as an effective anticaries agent.
I don't know what your key vocabulary is..., but this is your answer!!
When the amplitude of a sound wave increases, the intensity of the sound increases therefore the sound seems louder but does not change the pitch.
Therefore, if you increase the amplitude of the sound wave(s) of your cell phone ring, it will still sound the same yet louder.
For example, think of when you are increasing the volume on your phone... You are increasing the amplitude of your phone's speaker sound wave and whatever you were tuning in to would sound louder but would stay the same. It wouldn't go from a robot to a kitty sound now. Same concept happens when you decrease the volume on your phone yet this time you are decreasing the amplitude of a sound wave(s) and it gets softer.
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I hope that helps you out!!
Any more questions, please feel free to ask me and I will gladly help you out!!
~Zoey
In a population of 10,000 individuals, 300 men are afflicted with a recessive, x-linked disease. 18 woman would be expected to be afflicted in this population
both sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis. dominant X-linked disease. Gene variations on the X chromosome are the root cause of X-linked diseases. A variation in the one copy of the gene present in each cell is what causes the condition in males (who have only one X chromosome).
Red-green color blindness and hemophilia A: Red-green color blindness are two examples of X-linked diseases. Red-green color blindness is simply the inability to distinguish between the many hues of red and green.
Males who are hemizygous (i.e., have only one X chromosome) will fully express an X-linked disease. Females, who have two X chromosomes, on the other hand, will typically be carriers of the abnormality and are hence typically asymptomatic.
To learn more about the x-linked disease please visit
brainly.com/question/11203546
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