Answer:
The study of the cell cycle focuses on mechanisms that regulate the timing and frequency of DNA duplication and cell division. As a biological concept, the cell cycle is defined as the period between successive divisions of a cell. During this period, the contents of the cell must be accurately replicated. Microscopists had known about cell division for more than one hundred years, but not until the 1950s, through the pioneering work of Alma Howard and Stephen Pelc, did they become aware that DNA replication took place only at a specific phase of the cell cycle and that this phase was clearly separated from mitosis. Howard and Pelc's work in the broad bean, Vicia faba, revealed that the cell goes through many discrete phases before and after cell division. From this understanding, scientists then identified the four characteristic phases of the cell cycle: mitosis (M), gap 1 (G1), DNA synthesis (S), and gap 2 (G2). The study of these phases, the proteins that regulate them, and the complex biochemical interactions that stop or start DNA replication and cell division (cytokinesis) are the primary concerns of cell cycle biologists.
The most significant progress in this research field came with the demonstration that specific protein complexes involving cyclins were critical for regulating the passage of cells through the cell cycle. These early observations came from biological studies of the cells of rapidly dividing fertilized frog eggs as well as mutant yeast cells that could not divide. The observations suggested that regulation of the cell cycle is conserved throughout eukaryotes, which has since proved to be the case. The mechanism of division in bacteria differs from that of eukaryotes, and the control of their cell cycle is also somewhat different, although again it is linked with DNA replication.
Although the cell cycle is a highly integrated process, distinct areas of interest within this field of study have emerged. For instance, many genes and proteins that influence the passage from one phase of the cell cycle to another have been identified. When their expression is altered by mutation or aberrant regulation, they are usually classed as oncogenes. Other proteins act to hold the cell at distinct points in the cycle (checkpoints) and are known as tumor suppressor genes. Apart from those with a clearly regulatory role, many proteins have important functions in other aspects of the cell cycle; one is replication of DNA and organelles, which is a fascinating process that includes its own repair mechanisms and self-editing. Other fields focus primarily on the mechanical processes of cell cleavage into two daughter cells at the end of mitosis and on the condensation and decondensation of chromatin.
Explanation:
Hi. Unfortunately I was unable to access the article this question refers to. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
We can see that the view that Chicago is “…at the forefront of the green-roof movement” is refuted, with the phrase showing that Germany has a much larger amount of green roofs than Chicago. This shows that Chicago does not deserve the title of "forefront" in the use of these roofs, as there are places, such as Germany, that have taken the lead in this attitude.
Unfortunately, without reading the article it is not possible to know how it affects the general tone and mood of the article. However, considering that this is an informative article, we can consider that this rebuttal, presents the feeling that green roofs are something that is being established very slowly in America, even though this is a very beneficial attitude for society. Furthermore, this rebuttal may present a delayed mood, as it shows that America is late in implementing this technology. This can be seen because the tone and mood of a text establish the sensation and feeling that the author of the article wants to promote through reading.
Answer:
baleful means threatening.
online definition: threatening harm; menacing.
It's like an intense version of threatening.
Answer:
A soliloquy is an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play.
Explanation:
The purpose of a soliloquy is for the character to express their inner thoughts and feelings that are not intended to be heard or known by other characters in the play or the audience members.
Please mark brainliest if u want!
Answer:
I'd put true because he did give a speech in Paris, France in 1910 that is referred to as "The Man in the Arena."
Explanation:
