The force of gravity between the astronauts is 
Explanation:
The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is given by:
where
:
is the gravitational constant
are the masses of the two objects
r is the separation between them
In this problem, we have two astronauts, whose masses are:

While the separation between the astronauts is
r = 2 m
Substituting into the equation, we can find the gravitational force between the two astronauts:

Learn more about gravitational force:
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Answer:
Snell's Law states
Ni sin i = Nr sin r
Judging from the question the source of the ray is in the water (directed up)
or NI = 1 / sin 49 Ni = 1.325 deg the critical angle
From inside the pond:
Nr = 1.325 * sin 45 / 1 = 94 deg
So refraction can occur outside the pond and you do not have total internal refection.
<h2>since weight is measured in newtons, convert the 6 kg to newtons</h2><h3>the formula to convert is kg x 9.807 = N</h3>
hope that helps :))
1) First of all, we need to find the distance between the two charges. Their distance on the xy plane is

substituting the coordinates of the two charges, we get

2) Then, we can calculate the electrostatic force between the two charges

and

, which is given by

where

is the Coulomb's constant.
Substituting numbers, we get

and the negative sign means the force between the two charges is attractive, because the two charges have opposite sign.