D for sure. That seems perfectly christian-minecraft server-y of a school to put that as an option, it must be right.
Answer:
it is a failure of tolerance (self-tolerance) and specificity (recognition)
Explanation:
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by the selective destruction of β cells that are involved in the production of insulin in the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes can be classified into two types: Type 1A diabetes (the immune form of the disease) and Type 1B diabetes (the non-immune form of the disease). Type 1A diabetes is considered an autoimmune disorder where immune responses against pathogens suffer a failure of tolerance to antigens in the β-cells of the pancreatic islets. Thus, Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the process of recognition of β-cell antigens (autoantigens) by the immune system. This disease is often caused by genetic factors associated with mutations in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region located on chromosome 6.
The cell would have to take in and use more energy in order to break the covalent bonds.
The correct option is B
Hydrogen bonds :
are the chemical mechanism that governs the complementarity of the bases of DNA. This correspondence is unique thanks to the geometry of the hydrogen donor atoms and the acceptors that form the bases.
The (hydrophobic) bases are stacked inside the double helix of DNA; their plane is perpendicular to the axis of the double helix. The outside (phosphate and sugar) is hydrophilic.
The hydrogen bonds between the bases of one strand and the bases of the other strand keep the 2 strands united.
One purine on one strand necessarily binds to a pyrimidine on the other strand. As a corollary, the number of purine residues is equal to the number of pyrimidine residues.
* A binds to T (by 2 hydrogen bonds).
* G binds to C (via 3 hydrogen bonds: more stable bond: 5.5 kcal vs 3.5 kcal).
What part of the DNA strand do hydrogen bonds hold together?
hydrogen. Covalent bonds occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups (both within each component and between components). Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing.
Learn more about DNA strand:
brainly.com/question/26466656
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hosea,obadiah,micah,,malachi,zechariah. they are part of the 12 minor
