They must occur in the DNA, which is in each cells nucleus. More specifically the nucleolus of the cell. A mutation occurs in an allele, where a base triplet (or a codon) gets transcribed incorrectly.
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Nutrient pollution is the process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and can act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae. Nutrients can run off of land in urban areas where lawn and garden fertilizers are used
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